PROJECT BLUE BOOK

DEPUTY DIRECTOR FILE
JANUARY 1961
7.3745-375
1003833
RETURN TO
USAF Historical Archives
ASI(ASHAF-A)
Maxwell AFB, Ala 36112

JANAP 146(D)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
. INSTRUCTIONS FOR REPORTING VITAL INTELLIGENCE SIGHTINGS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Paragraph Subject Page
Title Page I
Letter of Promulgation III
List of Effective Pages V
Record of Corrections VII
Table of Contents IX - XI
CHAPTER I
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
101 Purpose 1-1
102 Scope 1-1
103 Message Message Identification Identification 1-1 1-1
CHAPTER 2
CIRVIS REPORTS CIRVIS REPORTS
H GENERAL GENERAL 2-1
201 201 Information to Information to be Reported and
When to Report 2-1
0 II PROCEDURES 2-2
202 General 2-2
203 Precedence (priority or transmission) 2-2
204 Content of CIRVIS Reports 2-2
205 Additional CIRVIS Reports 2-4
206 Addressing 2-5
207 Acceptance of and Responsibility
for CIRVIS Reports 2-7
III SECURITY
208 Military and Civilian 2-8
IV EVALUATION REPORTS
209 Action by Activities 2-8
IX IX ORIGINAL ORIGINAL
•
:

• JANAP 146(D)
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) 1
Section Paragraph Subject Page
V SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 2-9
210 Radio Transmission Restrictions 2-9
VI COMMERCIAL CHARGES 2-9
211 Charges 2-9
CHAPTER III
MERINT REPORTS
I GENERAL 3-1
301 Information to be Reported and
When to Report When to Report 3-1
II II PROCEDURES PROCEDURES 3-1
302 General 3-1
302 Precedence (priority of transmission) Precedence (priority of transmission) 3-2 3-2
304 Contents of MERINT Reports 3-2 3-2
305 Additional MERINT Reports MERINT Reports 3-3 3-3
306 Addressing 3-4
307 Acceptance of and Responsibility of and Responsibility
for MERINT Reports 3-6
III SECURITY 3-7
308 Military and Civilian 3-7
IV EVALUATION REPORTS 3-7
309 Action by Activities 3-7
v SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS 3-7
310 Radio Transmission Restrictions 3-7
VI COMMERCIAL CHARGES
311 Charges 3-7
X ORIGINAL
. •
:
2

JANAP 146(D)
• CHAPTER I
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION INSTRUCTIONS
FOR REPORTING NTELLIGENCE SIGHTINGS
l0l. Purpose. - The purpose publicatio is to provide uniform
instructions for the peacetime reporting of vita inteliigence sightings
and to provide ommunication instructions for the passing of these in-
telligence repo co appropriate military authorities.
102. Scope. -
a. This publication is limited to the reporting of information
of vital importance to the security of the United States of America and
Canada and their forces, which in the opinion of the observer, requires
very urgent defensive and/or investigative action by the US and/or Cana-
dian Armed Forces.
b. contained in this publication are provided
for:
(1) US and Canadian civil and commercial aircraft.
(2) US and Canadian government and military aircraft other
than those operating under separate reporting directives.
(3) US and Canadian merchant US and Canadian merchant vessels vesse operating under US and
Canadian registry.
, (4) US and Canadian government and I military vessels other
than those opera under separate reporting directives.
(5) Certain other US and Canadian vessels including fishing
vessels.
(6) Military installations receiving reports from civilian
or military land based or waterborne observers unless
operating under separate reporting directives.
(7) Government and civilian a agencies which may initiate re-
ports on receipt of informatic and-based, airborne
or waterborne observers.
103. Message Identification, -
a. I Reports made from airborne and land-based sources will be
identified by CIRVIS pronounced VEES as the first word of the text.
(Refer Chapter II).
b. Reports made by waterborne sources will made by waterborne sources will be identified by be identified by
MERINT pronounced MERINT I pronounced as MUR ENT as the first word of as MUR ENT as the first word of the text. (Refer (Refer
Chapter III). Chapter III).
1-1 ORIGINAL
(Reverse Blank) (Reverse Blank)

• • JANAP 146(D)
• CHAPTER II
CIRVIS REPORTS
SECTION I - GENERAL
201. Information to be Reported and When to Report. -
a. Sightings within the scope of this chapter, as outlined in
Article 102b(1), (2), (6) and (7), are reported as follows:
(1) While airborne (except over foreign territory - see
paragraph 210) and from land based observers. NOTE:
Canada and the United States are not considered foreign
territory for either country-for the purposes of this
publication.
(a) Hostile or unidentified single aircraft or forma-
tions of aircraft which appear to be directed against
the United States or Canada or their forces.'
(b) Missiles.
(c) Unidentified flying objects.
(d) Hostile or unidentified submarines.
(e) Hostile or group oups of military
surface vessels.
of unconventio design, or engaged d in suspicious
activity or ob in a location or on a course
which may be reted.as onstituting a threat to
the United Canada eir forces.
(g) Any unexplaine unusual activity which may indi-
cate a possibl agains hrough Canada or
the United States, including the presence of any
unidentified or other icious ground parties in
the Polar region or ot remote sparsely popu-
lated areas.
(2) Upon landing.
transmitted
while airborne.
(b) Unlisted airfields or facilities, weather stations,
or air navigation aids. or air navigation aids.
(c) I Post-landing reports.
2-1 2-1 ORIGINAL
•

202. General. - Communications procedures to be employed will be basi-
cally those prescribed system or service used.
Continuing efforts will be made by an aircraft originating a CIRVIS
report to insure that each CIRVIS message is appropriate
station.
203. Precedence (priority or transmission). -
a. To avoid delays by aircraft in ndering a CIRVIS report to
ree (3) times will be
employed, preceding the call, to clear th requency(ies) all other
communications, except DISTRESS, URGENCY SAFETY, to re its ex-
peditious handling.
b. Should instances occur, when use of the above procedure fails
to clear the all other communications in progress
except as in 203a, the Internati onal Urgency Signal "xxx"
transmitted th transmitted thre times or three (3) times will be 3 times will be
employed to employed to facilitate disposition facilitate dispo message essage to the the receiving receiving
facility.
c. The following precede will be employed be. employed in the transmission in the transmission
of all CIRVIS reports, as reports, ommensurate with the communica- with the communica-
tions facilities used:
Tabulation
Circuit clearance CIRVIS CIRVIS CIRVIS
International Urgency XXX XXX XXX or PAN PAN PAN
Signal (alternate)
Military precedence Y or Emergency
Commercial class of RAPID US GOVT for US Government
service Indicator activities or RUSH for Canadian
Government activities (to be used
only when refi with commercial
companies)
204. Contents of CIRVIS Reports. -
a. Airborne CIR VIS reports will be similar to routine aircraft
position radiotelegraph.
The appropriate pro hose applicable to
communications facilities atilized. report hould contain the
following information, when appropriate, order listed:
(1) CIRVIS Report.
(2) Identification of reporting aircraft observer as
appropriate. appropriate.
(3) Object sighted. Give brief description of the sighting Object sighted. Give brief description of the sighting
which should contain the following which should contain the following item items as appropriate. appropriate.
2-2 ORIGINAL
. .

JANAP 146(D)
(a) Number of aircraft, vessels, missiles, submarines,
• etc.
(b) Category of object, general description,
shape, type
(4) The position of the object. This can be indicated by
any of the following methods:
(a) Latitude and Longitude.
(b) Over a radio fix.
(c) True bearing and distance from a radio fix.
(e) True bearing and distance from a geographic point.
(5)I (5) Date and time of sighting (GMT). Date and t time of sighting (GMT).
(6) Altitude of object. Altitude of object.
(7) (7) Direction of travel of object. of object.
(8) (8) Speed of object.
(9) Any observed identification, insignia, or other signif- Any observed identification, insignia, or other signif-
icant information. Every reasonable effort should be icant information. Every reasonable effort should be
1 made to positively identify the object sighted. made to positively identify th e object sighted.
Example of an air/ground radiotelephone transmission:
(Aircraft) CIRVIS CIRVIS CIRVIS - KINDLEY THIS IS AIR FORCE TWO
FIVE NINE THREE SIX - CIRVIS REPORT - OVER
(Aeronautical
Station) AIR FORCE TWO FIVE NINE IS
GO AHEAD
(Aircraft) EMERGENCY - CIRVIS REPORT - AIR FORCE TWO FIVE NINE
THREE SIX SIGHTED FORMATION OF SIX JET BOMBERS - CON-
FIGURATION IS SWEPT WING WITH EIGHT JET ENGINES -
TWO HUNDRED MILES EAST OF BERMUDA ON THIRTEEN MAY AT
ONE THREE FIVE ZERO ZULU - ALTITUDE THREE FIVE THOUSAND
HEADING TWO SEVEN ZERO DEGREES - NO MARKINGS OBSERVED -
OVER
(Aeronautical
Station) KINDLEY - ROGER - OUT
2-3 2-3 ORIGINAL
• •

JANAP 146(D)
Example of an r/ground radiotelegraph trans sion:
(Aircraft) XXX XXX XXX AFA3 DE A48207
.
(Aeronautical
Station) A48207 DE AFA3 K
(Aircraft) Y - CIRVIS REPORT. A A48207 SIGHTED ...ETC.
(Aeronautical
Station) A48207 DE AFAR AR
205. Additional CIRvIS Reports. -
a. Additional reports should be made if more information
becomes available concerning a previously sighted object. These re-
ports should contain a reference to the original report sufficient
to identify them with the original sighting.
Example of an air/ground radiotelephone transmission:
(Aircraft) (Aircrart) CIRVIS CIRVIS CIRVIS - KINDLEY THIS CIRVIS CIRVIS - KINDLEY THIS IS AIR FORCE TWO IS AIR FORCE TWO
FIVE NINE FIVE NINE THREE SIX - THREE SIX CIRVIS REPORT EPORT OVER
(Aeronautical (Aeronautical
Station AIR FORCE TWO FIVE NINE THIS THIS IS T KINDLEY - KINDLEY -
GO AHEAD
(Aircraft) EMERGENCY - THE SIX JET BOMBERS PREVIOUSLY REPORTED AT
ONE THREE FIVE ZERO ZULU BY AIR FORCE TWO FIVE NINE FIVE ZERO ZULU BY AIR FORCE TWO FIVE NINE
THREE SIX ARE NOW ONE THREE ZERO MILES WEST OF BERMUDA THREE SIX X ARE NOW ONE THREE Z ZERO MILES WEST OF BERMUDA
AT ONE FOUR THREE FIVE ZULU - HEADING TWO SEVEN ZERO AT ONE FOUR THREE FIVE ZULU - HEADING TWO SEVEN ZERO
DEGREES - OVER .
(Aeronautical
Station) KINDLEY OUT
NOTE: smission, the same procedures would apply
as presc
b. Cancellation reports should be made in the event a previously
reported sighting is ositively identified as friendly or that it has
been erroneously reported uch reports should be e transmitted as a
brief message cancelling revious report(s).
Example of an air/ground radiotelephone transmission:
(Aircraft) CIRVIS CIRVIS CIRVIS - KINDLEY THIS IS AIR FORCE TWO
FIVE NINE THREE SIX - CIRVIS REPORT - OVER
(Aeronautical
Station) AIR FORCE TWO FIVE NINE THREE SIX THIS
GO AHEAD IS KINDLEY -
2-4 2-4 ORIGINAL
.
:
.

as prescr para 204.
c. A post-landing report is desired immediately after landing
by CINCNORAD or RCAF to amplify the ai orne report(s). This may
be filed with eithe or civ ommunications facility
located at the pla landing is not made in Cana-
dian or United Sta should be made the nearest
Canadian or United S r diplomatic representativ in that
report refer to the airborne report(s) and,
in addition, contai brief resume of weather conditions at the time
of sighting(s), verification of the sighting(s) by other personnel and
any other information deemed appropriate. If the sighting was identified
as friendly, and a report so stating was filed while airborne, no post-
landing report is required.
(1) If no airborne report was made as a result of inability
to reach a communications station or due to being over
foreign territory (see paragraph 2lo), the post-landing
report will contain all the information available con-
cerning the sighting.
Ground procedures have been established ports by
either military as those
now established ontrol shall be
followed. When pilots ot be estab-
lished with any ground effort shall be
made to relay the th which communi-
cation is possible
(1) Post-landing reports should be addressed to CINCNoRAD,
Ent AFB, Colorado Springs, Colorado, or RCAF-ADC, St.
Hubert, Quebec whichever is the more convenient if the
sighting occurred within or adjacent to the North
American continent. Whichever of these headquarters
receives the receives che fepore wi report t will immediately notify the other medlateiy" Toclly Che Ot
and also all other addressees of the and also all other addressees of the original report(s).
If the sighting(s) occurred in other If the sighting(s) occurred in other areas, the post- areas, the post-
landing report should be made to the nearest US or
2-5 ORIGINAL ORIGINAL
498615 0 -59 -2 498615 0-59 -2
• •

JANAP 146(D)
Canadian military or diplomatic representative in that
area who will forward the report a prescribed in sub- •
paragraph 206b(1)(a).
b. Communications Stations. - Communications stations (to in-
clude any civil ilitary facility such as control tower, naval shore
radio station, approac trol, ARTc center, or any other communica-
tions facility) receivir RVIS repor immediately after receipt
ing process port a Ollows tional instructions to US
military fixed c communications stations nada, Alaska and Greenland
see subparagraph (2 (a) below):
(1) US military fixed communications stations will multiple-
address the CIRVIS report following address
designations:
(a) For sightings in TY eas areas reports will be
forwarded to:
1. = Addressees as prescribed by seribedby Area Commanders. commanders.
(Normally, these addressees are the operating (Normally, these idressees are the operating
service commands concerned). service commands oncerned).
2. Commander-in-Chief, North American Air Defense
Command (CINNoRAD), Command (CINNORAD) olorado Springs, Springs,
Colorado.
3. Chief of Staff, United States Air Force Chief of Staff, United States Air Force (COFS,
USAF), Washington, D. USAF), Washington, D. C.
(2) (2) Canadian and US military fixed communications stations 1
will multiple address the CIRVIS reports the follow-
ing address designations:
(a) to the North
American reports will forwarded to:
1. Commander of the nearest joint air defense
division, commane group.
2.
3.
a. Commander, Western Sea Frontier (COMWEST-
SEAFRON), sco, California.
b.
SEAFRON),
4. Chief Ol Stall, United States Air Force of Staff, United States Air Force (COFs, (COFS,
USAF) Washington, D. C. USAF) Washington, D. C.
2-6 ORIGINAL ORIGINAL
. •
.

5. Montreal, Canada.
6. Command:
Canadian Fl fficer, Atlantic Coast,
(CANFLAGI cotia.
b. Canadian Flag Officer. ; Coast,
(CANFLAGPAC), Columbia.
(3) Civil communications stations will 'handle CIRVIS reports
received from either aircraft communications
stations as follows:
(a) Air Carrier company stations will pass the CIRvIS
report, exactly as received, to the nearest CAA or
DOT ARTC center in the same manner as air traffic
control information.
(b) CAA or DoT communications stations, upon receipt of
a CIRVIS report will immediately pass report to
the appropriate the appropriate ARTC center.
(c) (c) Upon Upon receipt of CIRVIS receipt of CIRVIS
reports, ARTC reports, ARTC will ward them d them immediately immediately
to the appropriate military facility as prescribed to the appropriate
by agreement wi military commander. military commander.
207. 207. Acceptance of and Responsibility for CIRVIS Reports. - Acceptance of. ona. Responsibility for CIRvts Reports, -
a.
(1) CONCNORAD or RCAF-ADC will reVieW all CIRVIS reports to
ascertain that they have been addressed accordance
with paragraph 206 and forward report any omitted
addressees in the United States and respectively.
These headquarters are the normal point ontact
between the tw countries and are
ing CIRVIS reports of interest, includir t-landing
reports
(2) United States or Canadian military or diplomatic author-
ities in receipt of CIRvIS reports that have not been
previously forwarded should take the action indicated
in paragraph 206 out delay by the most rapid means
available.
(3) Chief of Staff, USAF, will disseminate CIRVIS reports to
prlate agencles in Cne wasnlngton, D. C. ared. agen area.
(4) (4) RCAF-ADC and the Canadian Flag RCAF-ADC and Canadian Flag will be respon- be respon-
sible for notifying Canadian milita sible for notifying Canadian milit adquarters in adquarters in
Ottawa concerning CIRVIS Ottawa concerning CIRvIS reports.
2-7 2-7 ORIGINAL
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:

Diractor
SUBJECT: Project #5771 (BLUE BOOK) Astospace Studies Jan 1961
TO: AFCIN-4E (Colonel Wynn) vell AFB, Alobama Archives Bronch RETURN TO: K243.6012-9
1.I Project BLUE BOOK (Unidentified Flying Objects) 8 active
project within ATIC. This project was established i the fall of 1947
and designated as "sIGn", following a much publicize sighting which took
place near Mt. Rainier, Washington. The objectives
and are:
a. To determine if unidentified flying objects constitute a threat to
national security.
b. To determine if any scientific and/or technical information is SMe
available from these sightings, and
To identify and/or explain all UFo sightings.
In February l949 the code name of the project was changed to "GRUDGE",
remaining so until March l952 when it was changed to the present designation.
2. The directives which are applicable to this program are JANAP-l46-D,
dated February 1959 (Tab A) and AFR 200-2 (Intelligence), dated 14 September
1959 (Tab B). 10 ATIC responsibilities, defined in paragraph 4C of AFR 200-2,
require analysis and evaluation of the reports of sightings of unidentified
flying objects well as overall monitorship of the program. The Office
of Informatio Services, Office 0 the Secretary of the Air Force, is
responsible fo releasing information on sightings and for answering public
correspondence regarding UFo's. The Office of Legislative Liaison is re-
sponsible for answering all congressional mail regarding UFo's. The
Commander of the Air Force Base nearest the location of a sighting is
responsible for the report and the initial investigation.
3. From June 1947 to 3l December l960 the Air Force has collected a file
of 6790 cases of unidentified flying objects. The reports received number
more than 9ooo, for many of the objects were reported from multiple
sources. Of the reports received by ATIC only 8.54% remain unidentified.
This 8.54% is ot truly representative, for most of the unidentified cases
occurred during the early years of the program. The percent of unidenti-
fied cases in recent years i pproximately 2% (Tab C).
4. 4. The UFO project The UFo project has a scientific consultant in the person of Dr. J.
Allen Hynek, Director of the Dearborn Observatory and Head of Allen Hymek, Director of the Dearborn Observatory and Head of the Depart- the Depart-
ment of Astrophysics at Northwestern University. Dr. Hymek's contact is ment of Astrophysics at Northwestern University. Dr. Hymek's contact is
obtained through and monitored by White Stork. Dr. Hynek has been con- obtained through and monitored by White Stork. Dr. Hynek has been con-
tinuously retained as consultant to the tinuously retained as consultant to the UFo project since mid l948. o project since mid l948.
5. ATIc handling of the UFo program is directed toward satisfying our 1003833
responsibilities as spelled out in AFR 200-2 and also to benefit as much responsibilities as spelled out in AFR 200-2 and also to benefit as much
as possible from the efforts which must be put into the program. Coordina- Coordina-
tion is carried out with agencies of the government, industry or private
.

assistance in ases require xpediting reports. All
civilian facilities and personne also urged Maximum
effort must be made by all person handling CIRVIS reports insure
positive immediate delivery.
c. WHEN A STATION RECEIVES A PARTIAL CIRVIS REPORT AND THE
REMAINDER IS NOT IMMEDIATELY FORTHCOMING, IT WILL BE RELAYED OR
DELIVERED IN THE SAME MANNER AS LETE REPORT.
SECTION III - SECURITY
208. Military and Civilian. - Transmission of ITS reports are
subject to the U. S. Communication amended, and the
Canadian Radio Act of 1938, as an ny per violates the
provisions of these acts may be l prosecu Chereunder.
These reports contain information onal Defense of the
United States and Canada. Any person who makes unauthorized trans-
mission or disclosure to prosecution
under Title 18 f the US Code, Chapter 37, or anadian Official
Secrets Act amended. This should not be construed as re-
quiring classification of cIRvIS messages. The purpose is emphasize
the necessity for the handling of such information within official
channels only.
SECTION IV - EVALUATION REPORTS
209. Action by Activities. -
a. All investigative measu ures and evaluation processes instituted
by addressees, and by originatin here licable, will be
handled in accordance wit h existing procedun accord-
ance with these instructions , insuring th ropr ommands as
listed in paragraph 206 are kept fu ot nvestigative results
and evaluations. These evaluations pressed in terms indi-
cating the reported sighting as be ositive, Probable, Possible, or
No Threat insofar as being a secu United States
of America or Canada or their forces, o ation the subject
reported when known.
b. The first two words of the text of an evaluation report shall
be "cIRVIS EVALUATION" followed by the date-time-group and/or other
identification of the CIRvIS report(s) being evaluated.
2-8 ORIGINAL
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JANAP 146(D)
SECTION V - SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
210. Radio Transmission Restrictions. - CIRVIS reports ill not be
transmitted by radio while over foreign territor han Greenland
or Iceland, but will be transmitted as soor racticable oon leaving
foreign territorial boundaries. In accordar special permission
from the Danish government, reports may b nsmitted while traversing
Greenland. Foreign territory includes all erritory except international
water areas and territory under the jurisdiction of the United States
of America and Canada.
SECTION VI - COMMERCIAL CHARGES
211. Charges. -
a. All charges incurred in handling CIRvIS reports through U. s.
facilities will be charged U. S. Department of the Air Force
(accounting symbol "AF"). Insofar as practicable, CIRVIS reports so
handled should be SGC COLLECT.
b. All charges ncurred in handling CIRVIS reports through
Canadian facilities wil charged to the Royal Canadian Air Force.
Insofar as practicable reports handled will be forwarded
"RUSH COLLECT".
c. Any or all questions of charges will be resolved after traf-
fic has been handled. In no case should CIRVIS reports delayed
because of communication handling because of communication handling charges.
1
2-9 2-9 ORIGINAL
(Reverse Blank)

• •
JANAP 146(D)
• CHAPTER III
MERINT REPORTS
SECTION 1 - GENERAL
301. Information to be Reported and When to Report. -
a. Sightings within the scope of t this chapter, as outlined in
Article 102b, (3), (4), (5) and (6) are reported as follows:
(1) Immediately (except when within territorial waters of
nations other than Canada or the US as prescribed by
International Law).
(a) Hostile or unidentified single aircraft or forma-
tion of aircraft which appear to be directed against
Canada or the United States or their forces.
(b) Missiles. (b) Missiles.
(c) Unidentified flying objects.
submarines.
(e) Hostile or unidentified Hostile or unidentified group grour oups military
surface vessels.
(f) Individual surface vessels, submarines, or aircraft
of unconventional design, or engaged in suspicious
activities or observed in an unusual location.
(g) Any unexplained or unusual activity which may indi-
cate possible attack against hrough Canada or
the United States, including the presence of any
unidentified or other s piciou ground parties in
the Polar Region or ot sparsely popu-
lated areas.
SECTION II - PROCEDURES
302. General. - Communication procedures to be employed will be basi-
cally those prescrib the vices used.
Merchant sh ploy normal international commercial communication
procedure nd utilize existing commercial or military facilities as
appropriat Every effort wili be made to obtain an acknowledgment for
each MERIN message transmitted. Canadian or U. S. vessels which are
manned by military or civil service personnel will use military communi- cation procedure.
3-1 3-1 ORIGINAL
•

JANAP 146(D)
303. Precedence (priority of transmission). - reports sh Transmission of MERINT
be precede the word "MERINT" spoken times OR
by its alternate, the international "Urgency Signal ditionally, •
the military precedence shall used
addressed to military activities. Governmen prec eport is
U. S. Government" reports ddresse "Rapid
activities, or Canadian "Rush" ernment
Government activities shall be used: ressed to Canadian
Tabulation
Circuit clearance MERINT MERINT' MERINT
International Urgency Signal XXX XXX XXX PAN PAN
(Alternate)
Military Precedence Y or Emergency
Commercial Class of Service RAPID US GOVT for US Government
Indicator activities or RUSH for Canadian
Government activities (to be
used only when refiled with
commercial companies)
304. Contents of MERINT Reports. - Contents of MERINT Reports. -
a. MERINT MERINT reports reports should contain the following as should contain the following as applicable applicable
in the order listed:
(1) "MERINT" will will always be always be the first word of the first word of the text. the text.
(2) (2) Name and call Name and call letters of letters of reporting reporting ship. ship.
(3) (3) Object sighted. Give brief description of the sighting
which should contain e following items appropriate:
etc. submarines,
(b) Category of object, general description,
size, shape, type of propulsion, etc. e.g.,
(4) Ship's position at time of sightings.
(5) Date and time of sighting (GMT)*
(6) Altitude of object expressed as Low, Medium or High.
(7) Direction of travel object.
(8) Speed of object.
(9) Any observed identification, insignia, or other signif-
icant information. icant information. Every reasonable effort should be
made to positively identify the object sighted. made to positively identify the o bject sighted.
3-2 3-2 ORIGINAL ORIGINAL
X • .

JANAP 146(D)
• (10) Conditions of sea and weather.
date-time group (DTG). When
broken into component parts day of the month, followed by
(14) the hour in 24 hour time, followed by (30) the minutes of the hour,
foliowed by (Z) the time zone. "Z" signifies that Greenwich Mean Time
has been used in composing the date-time group.
Day of Month Hour Expressed Minutes of Indication that
in 24 hour time the hour GMT is being used
EXAMPLE of a Radiotelephone Transmission:
MERINT MERINT MERINT - WHISKEY ZULU TANGO - THIS IS KILO HOTEL
WHISKEY MIKE - OVER
KILO HOTEL WHISKEY MIKE - THIS IS - WHISKEY ZULU TANGO - OVER
WHISKEY ZULU TANGO - THIS IS - KILO HOTEL WHISKEY MIKE
MERINT SS TUNA KILO HOTEL WHISKEY MIKE SIGHTED FORMATION OF SIX
JET BOMBERS JET BOMBERS LAT 40N LAT 4ON 50E AT 2115OOZ ALTITUDE MEDIUM HEADING 211500Z ALTITUDE MEDIUM HEADING
270 DEGREES TYPE TYPE OF AIRCRAFT ATRCRAFT NOT OBSERVED BEFORE WIND FORCE
3 SEA CALM -
OVER OVER
EXAMPLE of a Radiotelegraph Transmission:
MERINT MERINT MERINT MERINT CFH DE KHWM K CFH DE KHWM K
KHWM DE CFH K KHWM DE CFH K
CFH DE KHWM CFH DE KHWM
"RAPID U S GOVERNMENT" U S GOVERNMENT 11 or CANADIAN "RUSH" or CANADIAN "RUSH"
MERINT (REMAINDER OF TEXT
. 211513Z JONES KHWM
K
305. Additional MERINT Reports.
a. Amplifying Reports. -
(1) When additional information becomes available to any
observer and is importance, transmitted
as a "MERINT AMPLIF report.
(2) Amplifying reports are to be handled in the same way
as the original report except that the first two o words
of the text will be "MERINT AMPLIFY" followed by the
date and time of filing of eport being
amplified.
(3) Amplifying reports on aerial objects normally consist
of additional information pertaining the sighted
object's object's size, shape; description of jet or size, shape; desc ription of Jet C rocket ket
streams; color, sound; if multiple objects, the streams; color soun nultiple objects, number;
type; method of propulsion; number of engines; type; method propulsion; mber engine insignia
and estimated speed. and estimated speed.
3-3 ORIGINAL

any further remarks, (dived, surfa mmence ed snork-
ling, stopped norkling, etc.)
b. Cancallation Reports. -
(1) Cancellation reports should be made in the event a
ghting is positively identified
as friendly, false.
(2) MERINT cancellations are to be handled in the same
manner as the original MERINT I report except that the
the date and time of filing of the ERINT report being
cancelled and, in brief, the on which the
cancellation is based.
c. Delayed Re event a MERINT report cannot be
made by radio, the er is requested report the details of the
MERINT sightings to Che appropriate Canadian or United States military
authorities. e port of arrival is outside Canada or USA, the
report to the nearest Canadian or S military or diplo-
matic representative in the area. This report should be submitted
immediately upon aru immediately upon arrival in in port by any available port by any availabl means and should be
in the format presc in the format prescribed in in paragraph 304.
306. Addressing. -
a. Vessels. -
(1) It is imperative that all MERINT reports reach the
appropriate cary commands as quickly as possible.
The reports, shall be transmitted as soon
as possible a ghting. All Canadian or U.S.
vessels listed (5) are
to transmit in plai INT reports to
the nearest Canad tary, government or
commercial radio s gardles whether the
vessel is Canadia
(2) Naval vessels which intercept reports from
merchant vessels shall copy the imediately
relay EXACTLY AS RECEIVED to the appropriate Canadian
or U. S. Navy-Shore Radio Station with relay instruc-
tions.
3-4 ORIGINAL
•

JANAP 146(D)
• b. Communications Stations. - Communications Stations (to include
any commercial, government ' military facility such as coastal marine
radio station, telegra offices, naval oast guard shore radio sta-
tion or any other communication facility
immediately after receipting process follows:
(1) Canadian or U. S. comme rcial government communications
stations will handle N RINT reports received from either
vessels or other communications stations by immediately
forwarding them to a Canadian or U. S. military fixed
communication facility as prescribed by agreement with
the appropriate military commander.
(2) U. S. military fixed communications stations will mul-
tiple-address the following address
designations:
a) For sightings in ports be
forwarded to: forwarded to:
1. 1. Addressees as prescribed by Addressees as prescribed by Area Area Commanders. Commanders.
(Normally, these (Normally, the addressees idressees are are the operating operating
Service commands Service con concerned). ncerned).
2. Commander-in-Chief, North Commander-in-Chief Nor American Air Defense
Command Colorado Springs, lorado Springs,
3. 3. Chief Chief of Staff, United of Staff, United States Air Force (cOFS, States Air Force (COFs,
USAF), Washi USAE) Washington
• (3) Canadian and U. S. military communications stations will
multiple-address the MERINT reports to the following
address designations:
adjacent to the North American
continent, reports will be forwarded to:
1. Commander of the nearest joint air defense divi-
sion, comman group.
2.
3. Appropriate Sea Frontier Command:
a. FRON), San Francisco, Calif.
b. Commander, Eastern Sea Frontier (COMEASTSEA-
FRON), New FRon), New York, N. Y. York, N. Y.
4. 4. Chief of Staff, United States Chief Sta States Air Force, Air Force, (COFS (COFS
USAF), Washingto
3-5 ORIGINAL

JANAP 146(D)
5. RCAF Air Defense Command (cANAIRDEF), St. Hubert,
Montreal.
6.
$a$ (CANFLAGLAN Scotia.
b. Canadian Flag Officer, Pacific Coast,
(CANFLAGPAC), Esquimalt, Bri Columbia.
307. Acceptance of and Responsibility for MERINT Reports. -
a. The following activities have responsibilities as follows:
(1) CINCNORAD or RCAF-ADC will l review all MERINT reports to
ascertain that such reports have been ressed in
accordance with paragraph 306 and forward reports to
any omitted addressees in U. S. and C respectively.
These headquarters the normal points maI contact tact
between the two countries and between the two countries a respons pass-
ing MERINT reports of interest, includin ing MERINT reports of interest, reports, reports,
to each other.
(2) Canadian or United States military or diplomatic author-
ities in receipt of MERINT reports reports will take the action
indicated in paragraph 306 without delay by the most
rapid means available.
(3) Chief of Staff, USAF, will disseminate MERINT Chief of Staff, USAF, will disseminate MERINT reports D
to appropriat agenci es in the Washingtor area.
(4) RCAF-ADC and the Canadian Flag will be respon-
sible for notifying Canadian adquarters in
Ottawa concerning MERINT reports.
(5) Sea Frontier Commanders be responsible for notify-
ing Chief of Naval Operations and the appropriate Fleet
Commanders concerning MERINT reports.
b. Fixed and mobile military communications facilities and mili-
tary personnel naving occasic reports must lend as-
sistance in ases required RINT reports. All
civilian facil: and personne so. Maximum
effort should made by all persons handling reports to insure
positive immediate delivery.
c. WHEN A STATION RECEIVES A PARTIAL MERINT REPORT AND THE
REMAINDER IS NOT IMMEDIATELY FORTHCOMING, IT WILL BE RELAYED OR
DELIVERED IN THE SAME MANNER AS A OMPLETE REPORT.
3-6 3-6 ORIGINAL
•
.

and Canada. Any p make authorized transmission or dis-
closure of such osecutio under Title 18
of the US Code, Chapter 37, or t nadian Official
as amended. This should not be construed as requiring classification
of MERINT messages. The purpose is to emphasize necessity for the
handling of such information within of 'ficiai els only.
SECTION IV - EVALUATION REPORTS
309. Action by Activities. -
a. All investigative measures and evaluation processes insti-
tuted by ssees, and by iginating authori applicable,
will be hand. will be handled and reporte reported accordance wi cordance with existing procedures,
insuring ti insuring th mands as listed ir sted paragraph 306 are kept paragraph 306 are kept
fully inform fully inform nvestigativ nvestigative results and evaluations. These evalu- ults and evaluations. These evalu-
ations shall ations shal: xpressed in oressed in terms indicating the reported sighting indicating the reported sighting
as being Positive Probable, Possible or No Threat insofar as being a robable, Possible or No Threat insofar as being a
threat to the security of the United States of America or Canada or threat to the security of the United States of America or Canada or
their forces, or an explanation of th their forces, or an explanation th subject reported when known. subject reported when known.
b. The first two words of the text of The first two words of the text of an evaluation report an evaluation report
shall shall be "MERINT EVALUATION" folloWed by the be "MERINT EVALUATION" folloWed by the date-time-group and/or date-time-group and/or
other identification of the MERINT identification of the MERINT report(s) report(s) being evaluated.
. SECTION V - SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
310. Radio Transmission Restrictions. - MERINT reports will not be
transmitted by er than Canadian or ternational
waters.
SECTION VI - COMMERCIAL CHARGES
311. Charges. -
a. All charges incurred in handling MERINT reports through
U. S. facilities will charged to the Departmer the Navy
(accounting symbol NAVY). I Insofar as practicable, eports so
handled should be Narded RAPID US GOVT COLLECT.
b. All charges incurred in handling MERINT reports through
facilities will be charged to the Royal Canad Navy. Insofar
3-7 3-7 ORIGINAL

JANAP 146(D)
as practicable, MERINT reports so handled will be 'RUSH •
COLLECT".
c. Any or all questions of charges will be resolved after
traffic has been handled. In no case should MERINT reports be de-
layed because of communication handling charges.
.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 O -498615 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 O -498615 3-8 ORIGINAL ORIGINAL
:
a

scientific efforts that might have an interest in or benefit from information or the analysis thereof. (Tab D)
contained in report
6. Many other government and Air Force scientific agencies, as well as the scientific community of ATIC, are used to assist with the analyses of UFO
on an area that requires special information, i.e., spacetrack data.
7.1 In summary ATIC coordination is maintained with SAFOI and SAFLL on matters is responsible for the overall monitorship of the USAF
program. Close of the program pertaining to public information and Congress. It is anti-
cipated that the method of operation for the UFo Branch will change very little when the transfer of ATIc to AFSC becomes effective.
Tohut/. Jriend Tohit/. Jriend
ROBERT . FRIEND FRIEND
Major, UBAF
2
3

. •
B B

• *AFR 2002
1-2
. AIR FORCE REGULATION DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
NO. 2002 Washington, 14 September 1959
Intelligence
UNIDEN FLYING OBJECTS (UFO)
This regulation establis information and
evidence on unid
general public.
ERAL
Paragraph
Background Information
Definitions
Objectives N4
Responsibilities
Guidance
Reporting UFO
SECTION SECTION N BPUBLIC RELATIONS, INFORMATION, ELATIONS. INFORMATION
CONTACTS, AND RELEASES ELEASES
Maintaining Public Relations ----- - -
Releasing Information --
Exceptions Exceptions --
Release by Non-Air Force Non-Air Force Sources. Sources.
Contacts Contacts 11 11
SECTION REPORTS EPORTS
General Information General Information 12
Methods for Transmitting Repor Methods for Transmitting Report 13
Where To Submit Reports-. Where To Submit Reports. 14
Basic Reporting Data and Form Basic Reporting Data and Format 15
. Negative or Inapplicable Data. Negative or Inapplicable Data- 16
Comments of Preparing Officer. 17
Classification 18
Reporting Physical Evidence 19
SECTION A-GENERAL b. Unidentified Aircraft:
1. Background Information. The Air Force (1)I Flying objects determined to be air-
investigation and analysis of over the craft. These generally appear as a
United States are directly related to its responsi- result of ADIZ violations and often
bility for the defense of the United States. Be- prompt the UFO reports submitted
cause prompt reporting and rapid identification by the general public. They are
are necessary to carry out the second of the four readily identifiable as, or known to
phases of air defense-detection, identification, be, aircraft, but their type, purpose,
interception, and destruction, the Air Force origin, and destination are unknown.
maintains the Unidentified Flying Object Pro- Air Defense Command is responsible
gram. Successful implementation of the program for reports of "unknown" aircraft
requires strict compliance with this regulation by and they should not be reported as
all commanders. UFO's under this regulation.
2.I Definitions. To insure proper and uni- (2) Aircraft flares, jet exhausts, con-
form usage in UFO sereenings, investigations, densation trails, blinking or steady
and reportings, the objects are defined as follows: lights s observed at night, lights cir-
and reportings, tne objects are deined as fonlows: cling cling or near airports or near airports and airways, and airways,
a. Familiar or Known Objects. Aireraft, Aircraft, and other similar phenomena known and other similar phenomena known
birds, balloons, kites, searchlights, and astronom- to be emanating from, or to be indi- to be emanating from, or to be indi-
ical bodies (meteors, planets, stars). ical bodies (meteors, planets, stars). cations of aircraft. These should not
*This regulation supersedes AFRs 2002, 5 February 1958, and 2002A, 16 April 1959.
OPI: AFCIN
DISTRIBUTION: S
1
Ii

be reported under this regulation as unexplained sightings are carried statistically
they do not fall within the definition as unidentifieds. If more i immediate, detailed
of a UFO. objective data on the unknowns had been avail-
(3) Pilotless aircraft and missiles. able, probably these too could have been ex-
Unidentified Flying Objects. Any air- plained. However, due to the human factors
c. involved, and the fact that analyses of UFO
borne object which, by performance, aerody- sightings are based primarily on the personal
namic characteristics, or unusual features, does impressions and interpretations of the observers,
not conform to known aircraft or missiles, or rather than on accurate scientific data or facts
which does not correspond to definitions in a obtained under controlled conditions, it is im-
and b above. probable that all of the unidentifieds can be
3. Objectives. Air Force interest in UFO's eliminated.
is three-fold: First, as a possible threat to the 4. Responsibilities:
security of the United States and its forces; a. Reporting. Base commanders will report
second, to determine the technical or scientific all information and evidence UFO sightings,
characteristics of any such UFO's; third, to ex- including information and evidence received
plain or identify all UFO sightings as defined from other services, Government agencies, and
in paragraph 2c. civilian sources. Investigators will be authorized
a. Air Defense. The great majority of flying a. Air Defense. The great majority of flying to make telephone calls from the investigation to make telephone calls from the investigation
objects reported have been found to be conven- area direct to the Air hnical Intelligence nical Intelligence
tional, familiar things of no great threat to the tional, familiar things of no great threat to the Center (ATIC), Wright-Patterson Air Force
security of the Unit security of the Unit ited States and its possessions. ed States and its possessions. Base, Ohio (CLearwater 3-7111, ext. 69216).
However, since the possibility cannot be ignored The purpose of the calls is to report high priority The purpose of the calls is to report high priority
that UFO's reported may be hostile or new that UFO's reported may be hostile or new findings. (See section C.)
foreign air vehicles of unconventional design, it b. Investigation. The commander of the Air
is imperative that sightings be reported rapidly, is imperative that sightings be reported rapidly, Force base nearest the location of the reported Force base nearest the location of the reported
factually, and as completely as possible. UFO sighting will conduct all investigative sighting will conduct all investigative
b. Technical and Scientific. The Air Force action necessary to submit a complete initial necessary to submit a complete initial
will continue to collect and analyze reports of will continue to collect and analyze reports of report of a UFO sighting. Every effort will be report of a UFO sighting. Every effort will be •
UFO's until all can be 1 scientifically or techni- made to resolve the sighting in the initial in-
cally explained or until such time as it is deter- vestigation. A UFO sighting reported to an Air
mined that the full potential of a sighting has Force base other than that closest to the scene
been exploited. In performance of this task the of such sighting will be referred immediately to
following factors should be kept in mind: the commander of the nearest Air Force base for
(1) To measure scientific advances, the appropriate action. (See paragraph 6.)
Air Force must have the latest ex- c. Analysis. The ATIC will analyze and
perimental l and developmental in- evaluate:
formation on new or unique air (1 Information and evidence reported
vehicles or weapons. within the United States after the
(2) The possibility exists that foreign air investigators of the responsible Air
vehicles of revolutionary configura- Force base nearest the sighting have
tion or propulsion may be developed. exhausted their efforts to identify the
(3) There is a need for further scientific UFO.
knowledge in such fields as geo- (2) Information and evidence collected in
physics, astronomy, and the upper oversea areas.
atmosphere which the study and Note. Exceptions: The ATIC, independently
analysis of UFO's and similar aerial or in participation pertinent Air Force
phenomena may provide. activities, may conduct any additional investiga-
(4) The reporting of all pertinent factors tions necessary to further conclude
will have a direct bearing on scientific will have a direct bearing on scientific analyses or findings. analyses or findings.
analyses and conclusions of UFO analyses and conclusions of UFO d. Public Relations and Information Serv-
sightings. ices. The Office of Information Services, Office ices. The Office of nformation Services, Office
c. Reduction of c. Reduction of Percentage of UFO "Un- Percentage of UFO "Un- of the Secretary of the Air Force, will be re-
identifieds." Air Force activities must reduce the sponsible for releasing information on sightings, sponsible for releasing information on sightings,
percentage of unidentifieds to the minimum. percentage of unidentifieds to the minimum. and, in coordination with ATIC, for answering
Analysis thus far has provided explanation for correspondence from the public regarding UFO's.
all but a few of the sightings reported. These reported. These (Sce paragraphs 7 and 8.) (See paragraphs 7 and 8.)
2

AFR 200-2
46
0
e. Congressional Inquiries. The Office of e. Consultation with military or civilian
Legislative Liaison will: weather f forecasters for data on tracks of weather
In coordination with the ATIC and/ balloons released in the area and any unusual
or the Office of Information Services, meteorological activity which may have a bear-
when necessary, answer all congres- ing on the UFO.
sional mail regarding UFO's addressed f. Consultation with navigators and astron-
to the Secretary of the Air Force and omers in the area to determine whether any
Headquarters USAF. astronomical body or phenomenon would account
(2) Forward those inquiries which are for the sighting.
scientific and technical to the ATIC for g. Contact with military and civilian tower
information on which to base a reply. operators, air operations units, and airlines to
The ATIC will return this information determine whether the sighting could have been
to the Office of Legislative Liaison for an aircraft. Local units of the Federal Aviation
reply to the inquiry. Agency (FAA) are often of assistance in this
(3) Process requests from congressional regard.
sources in accordance with AFR 11-7. h. Contact with persons who may know of
f. Cooperation. A Air Force activities will experimental aircraft of unusual configuration,
cooperate with Force UFO investigators to rocket and guided missile firings, or aerial tests
insure the economical and prompt success of in- in the area.
vestigations and analyses.' When feasible, this i. Contact with photographic units or
cooperation will include furnishing air or ground laboratories. Usually, these installations have
transportation and other assistance. several cameras available for specialized in-
5. Guidance. The thoroughness and quality telligence or investigative work. Photography
of a report or investigation of UFO's are limited is an invaluable tool and, where possible, should
only by the skill and resourcefulness of the per- be used in investigating and analyzing UFO
son who receives the initial information and/or sightings. (See paragraph 19.)
j. Whenever possible, selecting as a UFO
a. Careful study of the logic, consistency, Assistant Chief of Staff Intelligence, Headquar-
and coherence of the observer's report. An in- ters USAF, and the Air Defense Command have
terview with the observer by personnel prepar- a direct and immediate interest in the facts per-
ing the report is especially valuable in deter- taining to UFO's reported within the United
mining the source's reliability and the validity States.
of the information given. Particular attention a. All Air Force activities will conduct UFO
should be given to the observer's age, occupation, investigations to ent necessary for their
and education and whether his occupation in-
volves observation reporting or technical knowl- required reporting action on (see paragraphs 15, 16,
edge. When reporting that a witness is com- and 17). However, investigations should not be
pletely y familiar with certain aspects of a sight- carried beyond this point, unless such action is
ing, his or her specific qualifications should be directed by Assistant ief of Staff, Intelligence,
indicated. Headquarters USAF, or the preparing officer be-
lieves the magnitude (intelligence significance
b. Theodolite measurements of changes of or public relations) of the case warrants full
azimuth, and elevat nd angular size. scale investigation. Telephone contact should be
c. Interception c. Interception, entification, or air search entification, or air search made with the ATIC (CLearwater 3-7111, ext. made with the ATIC (CLearwater 3-7111, ext.
if a if a appropriate and appropriate and the scope of air de- 69216) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, 69216) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
fense regulations. fense regulations. Ohio, to obtain verbal authority for continued
d. When feasible, contact with local aircraft d. When feasible, contact with local aircraft investigation. This investigation. This should be so noted in the
control and warning control and warn units, pilots and units, pilots and preliminary report. (Foreign activities will pro- preliminary report.
crews of aircraft aloft at the time and place of crews of aircraft aloft at the time and place of ceed on their own judgment and so advise the ceed on their own judgment an advise the
sighting. Also, contact with any other persons sighting. Also, contact with any other persons ATIC in the preliminary message.) ATIC in the preliminary message.)
or organizations that may have factual data on b. After initial reports are b. After initial r reports are submitted, the submitted, the
the UFO or can offer corroborating evidence— the UFO or can offer corroborating evidence-— ATIC may require additional data, such as
visual, electronic, or other. narrative statements, sketches, marked maps narrative statements, sketches, marked maps
0
3
.

be supplied more quickly and economically by aspeets of the sighting or names of persons
the Air Force activity that made the initial re- making reports. (See paragraph 18.) If the
port. Therefore, ATIC is authorized to contact sighting is unexplainable or difficult to identify,
the appropriate Air ce activity. because of insufficient information or incon-
c. Direct com ion is authorized be- sistencies, the only statement to be released is
tween ATIC and other Air Force activities in the fact that the sighting is being investigated
matters pertaining to UFO investigations. Spe- and information regarding it will be released at
cifically, the ATIC may call upon the Com- a later date. If investigative action has been
mander, 1137th Field Activities Group, Fort completed, the fact that the results of the in-
Belvoir, Virginia, to cond further field in- vestigation will be submitted to the ATIC for
vestigation if review of nitial report indi- review and analysis may be released. Further
cates such a requirement. In this event, the AISS inquiries should be referred to the local Office
investigating will prepare the final report. (See of Information Services.
paragraph 4b.) 10. Release by Non-Air Force Sources. If
SECTION B-PUBLIC RELATIONS, newsmen, writers, publishers, or private individ-
AND uals desire to release unofficial information con-
INFORMATION,_CONTA cerning a UFO sighting, every effort will be made
RELEASES to assure that the statements, theories, opinions,
7. Maintaining Public Relations. The Office and allegations of these individuals or groups
of Information Services is 1 responsible for: will not be associated with or represented as
being official information.
a. In coordination with the ATIC when
necessary, maintaining contact with the public 11. Contacts. Private individuals or organi-
and the press on all aspects of the UFO program zations requesting Air Force interviews, brief-
and its related activities. ings, lectures, or private discussions on UFO's
b. Releasing information on sightings will be referred to the Office of Information Serv-
and results of investigations. ices, Office of the Secretary of the Air Force.
Air Force personnel other thap those of the
public, pertaining to the public relations, interest,
and informational aspects of the subject. (See
paragraph 9.) This office will forward corre- SECTION C-PREPARING AND
spondence and queries which are purely techni- SUBMITTING REPORTS
cal and scientific to ATIC for information on
which to base a reply. 12. General Information:
a. Paragraphs 2 will be used as an
8. Releasing Information. All information aid and guidance to screenings, investigations,
or releases concerning I's, regardless of origin and reportings. The will be as outlined
or nature, will be released to the public or un- in paragraph 15. ities initially receiving
official persons or organizations by the Office of reports of aerial objects and phenomena will
Information Services, Office of the Secretary of screen the information to determine if the report
the Air Force. This includes replies to corre- concerns a valid UFO within the definition of
spondence (except congressional inquiries) sub- paragraph 2c. Reports not within that definition
mitted direct to ATIC, and other Air Force will not be considered for further action under
activities by private individuals requesting com- the provisions of this regulation.
ments or results or analysis and investigations ments or results or ana investigations b. To assist activities and personnel b. To assist activities and personnel re- re-
of sightings. sponsible for handling, sereening, and processing sponsible for handling, screening, and processing
9. Exceptions. In response to local inquiries initial, incoming UFO information, the general
resulting from an resulting from any reported in the vicinity ported in the vicinity sources and types of reports are given here: sources and types of reports are given here:
of an Air Force base, information regarding a of an Air Force base, information regarding a (1) Generally, initial ( Generally, initial UFO reports are
sighting may be released to the press or the gen- sighting may be released Ito the press or the gen- received from two sources: received from two sources:
eral public by the co eral public by th ander of the Air Force nder of the Air Force Civilian (a) Civilian (airline, private and pro- (airline, private and pro-
base concerned only if base concerned only has been positively nas been positively fessional pilots, tower operators,
identified as a familiar or known object. Care technical technical personnel, casual observ-
4 .

• AFR 200-2
1215
ers, and the public in general), by (2) Nearest Air Division (Defense). (For
correspondence, telephone, or per- United States only.)
sonal interview: (3) Air Technical Intelligence Center,
(b) Military units and personnel (pi- Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
lots, observers, radar operators, air- (4) HQ USAF (AFCIN), Wash. 25, D.C.
craft control and warning units, (5)
etc.), by telephone, electrical mes- Wash. 25, D.C.
sage, or personal interview;
(2) Generally, UFO reports received from b. Written Reports: (Basic letters and AF
civilian sources are of two types: Forms 112.
Those referring strictly to an ob- 1)Within the United States, submit all
served UFO, containing either de- reports direct to ATIC. ATIC will
tailed or meager information; reproduce each report and distribute
(b) Those referring only in part to an it to interested intelligence activities
observed UFO, but primarily re- in the United States and to Office of
questing information on some as- Information Services, if such action is
pect of the program. considered necessary.
c. Reports considered to fall primarily in (2) Outside the United States, submit re-
a public relations or information service cate- ports as prescribed in "Intelligence
gory (see paragraphs 4d,7, 8,9, and b (2) above) Collection" Instruction" ICI) June
should be referred to the Office of Information 1954, direct to:
Services. UFO data sufficient for investigation Hq USAF (AFCIN) Wash 25,
and/or analysis may be extracted before referral D.C.
to that office. c. Reports from Civilians. Where possible,
civilian sources contemplating reporting UFO's
13. Methods for Transmitting Reports: should be advised to submit the report, for
a. Together with any necessary screenings processing and transmission, to the nearest Air
Foree base, other than ATIC.
. paratory to reporting, all information on UFO's
will be reported promptly. Reports under 3 days 15. Basic Reporting Data and Format. Show
from date of sighting will b be electrically trans- the abbreviation "UFO" at the beginning of the
mitted with a "Priority" precedence. Electri- text of all electrical reports and in the subject
cally transmitted reports over 3 days old should of written reports. Include in all reports the
carry a "Routine" precedence. data required, in the order shown below:
b. Written reports of sightings over 3 days a. Description of the Object(s):
old may be submitted orm 112, Air In- (1 Shape.
telligence Information Re (AIIR) and AF Size compared to a known object (use
Form 112A, supplemen Form 112 (see one of the following terms: Head of
paragraphs 14 owever, their use a pin, pea, dime, nickel, quarter, half
should be kept to in reporting initial dollar, silver dollar, baseball, grape-
sightings. The del volved in process- fruit, or basketball) held in the hand
ing and transmitting 112 through at about arm's length.
channels may make followup investigations diffi- (3) Color.
cult, producing only limited usable information.
This factor must be considered in cases where (4) Number.
an immediate investigation or study of a reported (5) Formation, if more than one.
sighting is considered necessary. Reporting by (6) Any discernibl features or details.
electrical means will electrical means eliminate delays. If re- teiayb. (7) (7) Tail, trail, or Tail, trail, or exhaust, including aust, including size
quested by ATIC, a followup and/or complete quested by ATIC, a followup and/or complete of same compared to size of object (s).
report of all sightings initially reported electri- (8) Sound. If heard, describe sound. Sound. If heard, describe sound.
cally will be submitted on AF Form 112.
9Other pertinent or unusual features. 9)Other pertinent or unusual features.
14. Where To Submit Reports: b. Description of Course of Object(s):
a. Electrical Reports. Submit a. Electrical Reports. Submit multiple ad- multiple ad- (1) What first called the attention of ob-
dressed electrical reports to: server(s) to the object(s)?
(1) Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, (2) Angle or elevation and azimuth Angle or elevation and azimuth of n of
Colorado objects(s) when first observed. objects(s) when first observed.
. 6

AFR 200-2
15-18
(3) Angle or elevation and azimuth of (5) Amount of cloud cover. .
object(s) upon disappearance. (6) Thunderstorms in area and quadrant
(4) Description of flight path and ma- in which located.
neuvers of object(s). (7) Temperature gradient.
(5) How did the object(s) disappear? h. Any other unusual activity or condition,
(Instantaneously to the North, etc.) meteorological, astronomical, or otherwise, which
(6) How long was the object(s) visible? might account for the sighting.
(Be specific, 5 minutes, 1 hour, etc.) i. Interception or identification action taken
c. Manner of Observation: (such action may be taken whenever feasible,
(1) Use one or any combination of the complying with existing air defense directives).
following items: Ground-visual, j. Location, approximate altitude, and gen-
ground-electronic, air electronic. (I eral direction of flight of any air traffic or balloon
electronic, specify type of radar.) releases in the area which could possibly account
(2) Statement as to optical aids (tele- for the sighting.
scopes, binoculars, etc.) used and k. Position title and comments of the pre-
description thereof. paring officer, including his preliminary analysis
(3) If the sighting is made while air- of the possible cause of the sighting(s). (See
borne, give type of aircraft, identi- borne, give type of aircraft, identi- paragraph 17.) paragraph 17.)
fication number, altitude, heading, ficatión number, altitude, heading, 1. Existence of physical evidence, such as evidence, such as
speed, and home station. speed, and home station. materials and photographs.
d. Time and Date of Sighting: d. Time and Date of Sighting:
() Zulu time-date group of sighting. (1) Zulu time-date group of sighting. 16. Negative or Inapplicable Data. 16. Negative or Inapplicable Data. Even Even
(2) (2) Light conditions. (Use one of the Light conditions. (Use one of the though the source does not provide or has not
following terms: Night, day, dawn, followingterms: Night, day, dawn, been asked for specific information by an inter-
dusk.) dusk.) viewer, do not use the words "negative" or "un-
e. Location of Observer(s). Exact latitude e. Location of Observer(s). Exact latitude identified" until all logical leads to obtain the
and longitude of each observer, and/or r geo- geo- information outlined under paragraph 15 have
graphical position. A position with reference to phieel positiop.A position with reference to been exhausted. For example, information on .
a known landmark also should be given in elee- weather conditions in the area, as requested in
trical reports, such as "2mi N of Deeville;" "3mi paragraph 15g may be obtained from the local
SW of Blue Lake." Typographical errors or military or civilian weather facility. Use the
"garbing" often result in electrically transmitted phrase "not applicable" (N/A) only when the
messages, making location plots difficult or im- question does not apply to the particular sighting
possible. being investigated.
Example: 89 45N, 192 71W for 39 45N, 102 17. Comments of Preparing Officer. The
21W. preparing officer will make a preliminary analy-
f. Identifying Information on Observer(s): sis and a comment on the possible cause or iden-
(1) Civilian-Name, age, mailing ad- tity of the object being reported, together with
dress, occupation, and d estimate of a statement supporting his comment and analy-
reliability. sis. Every effort will be made to obtain pertinent
(2) Military—Name, grade, organization, items of information and to test all possible
duty, and estimate of reliability. leads, clues, and hypotheses concerning the iden-
tity or explanation of the sighting. (See para-
g. Weather and Winds-Aloft Conditions at graph 5.) The preparing officer receiving the
Time and Place of Sightings: report initially is in a much better position to
(1) Observer(s) account of weather con- conduct an "on-the-spot" survey or followup
ditions. than subsequent investigative personnel and
(2) Report from nearest AWS or U.S. Report from nearest AWS or U.S. analysts who may be far removed from the area,
Weather Bureau Office of wind direc- and who may arrive too late to obtain vital data
tion and velocity in degrees and knots tion and velocity in degrees and knots or the missing information necessary for firm or the missing information necessary for firm
at surface, 6,000', 10,000', 16,000', conclusions. conclusions.
20,000', 30,000', 50,000', and 80,000' 20,000', 30,000', 50,000', and 80,000' 18. Classification. Do not classify reports reports
if available. unless data requested in paragraph 15 require
(3) Ceiling. classification. Classify reports primarily to pro-
(4) Visibility. tect: tect:
. .
6
a

AFR 200-2
18-19
. a. Names of sources reporting UFO's and (c) Brand and type of film,
other principals involved, if so requested by these (d) Shutter speed used,
persons or considered necessary; (e) Lens opening used, that is, "f"
b. Intelligence, investigative, intercept, or stop,
analytical methods or procedures; (f) Filters used,
(g) Was tripod or solid stand used,
c. Location of radar and other classified hWas "panning" used,
sites, units, and equipment; (i) Exact direction camera was point-
d. Information on certain types, character- ing with relation to true north, and
istics, and capabilities of classified aircraft, mis- its angle with respect to the ground.
siles, or devices that may be involved in the (4) Other Camera Data. If supplemental
sighting. - information cannot be obtained, the
3 minimum camera data required are
19. Reporting Physical Evidence. Report the type of camera, and the smallest
promptly the existence of physical evidence and largest "f" stop and shutter- ,
(photographic or material). All physical evi- speed readings of the camera.
dence forwarded to the ATIC should be marked (5) Radar. Forward two copies of each
for the attention of AFCIN-4E4g. still-camera photographic print. Title
a. Photographic: radarscope photographic prints in ac-
(1) Still Photographs. Forward the nega- cordance with AFR 95-7. Classify
tive and two prints. Title the prints radarscope photographs in accord-
and the negatives, or and the negatives, or indicate the ance with section XII, AFR 205-1,
place, time, and date of the incident. 1 April 1959.
(2) Motion Pictures. Obtain the original possible, develop photographic possible, develop photographic film
film. Examine the film strip for ap- re forwarding. If undeveloped film is for- re forwarding. If undeveloped film is for-
parent cuts, alterations, obliterations, parent cuts, alterations, obliterations, ded, mark it conspicuously to indicate this
or defects. In the report comment on or defects. In the report comment on act. Undeveloped film often has been destroyed act. Undeveloped film often has been destroyed
any irregularities, particularly if re- by exposure during exposure during examinations made while examinations made while
ceived from other than officia from other than officia en route through mail channels to final ad-
. sources. sources dressees. J
(3) Supplemental Photographic Informa- b. Material. Each Air Force echelon receiv-
tion. Negatives and prints often are
insufficient to provide certain valid guard it in nanner to prevent any defacing
data or to permit firm conclusions. or alterations whi ight reduce its value for
(See AFM 200-9--a classified docu- intelligence examination and analysis.
ment receiving limited distribution.)
Information that will aid in plotting c. Photographs, Motion Pictures, and Nega-
or in estimatin distances, apparent tives Submitted by Individ Individuals
size and nature of object, probable often submit photographic and motion picture
velocity, and movements includes: material as part of their UFO reports. All orig-
(a) Type and make of camera, inal material submitted, will be returned to the
(b Type, focal length, and make of individual upon completion of necessary studies,
lens, analyses, and duplication by the Air Force.
By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force:
OfFIcIaL: THOMAS D. WHITE
Chief of Staff
J.L. TARR
Colonel, USAF
Director of Administrative Services
• 7
U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959 U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1959

• .
C

CASES OF UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS REPORTED TO ATIC -- 24 June 1947 - 31 DecEMbER 1960
1947-1952 1953-1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 TOTALS & $
UNIDEN- 74.83% 13.45% 2.07% 2.76% 3.28% 0.86% 1.20% 1.55%
16 580
TIFIED 434 78 12 19 5 7 9
19.74% 9.13% 2.97% 2.06% 1.61% 0.854 1.92% 2.13% 8.54%
26.85% 11.94% 5.21% 12.44 18.27% 11.04% 6.45% 8.80% 1784
ASTRO- 204 326 115 157
NOMICAL 479 213 93 197
21.78% 24.94% 23.02% 26.22% 27.67% 33.39% 31.59% 37.12% 26.28%
47.83% 52.17% 23
SATELLITES SATELLITES 11 11 12 12
1.864 2.846 2.844 0.34%
33.83% 33.83% 12.13% 6.07$ 6.076 13.78% 20.41% 7.85% 3.57% 2.36%
286 110 50 1401
AIRCRAFT 474 170 170 85 193 33
21.56% 19.91% 21.046 21.044 24.81% 24.28% 18.64% 13.74% 7.80% 7.80% 20.63% 20.63%
31.10% 12.56% 9.62% 9.62% 18.69% 19.15% 6.237 6.234 1.83% 0.824 1091
BALLOON 339 137 13 105 204 209 205 68 68 20 20 9 9
15.426 16.04% 25.99% 26.22% 17.745 11.53% 5.496 2.13% 16.079
INSUFFI- 22.649 13.68% 2.64% 10.286 16.04% 9.81% 10.664 24.25%
1060
CIENT 240 145 28 109 170 104 113 151
DATA 16.98% 6.93% 14.01% 14.444 17.63% 31.05% 35.694 15.61%
10.91$
27.301 13.05% 9.52% 6.11% 19.74% 11.16% 6.93% 6.11% 851
OTHER 233 111 81 52 168 95 59 52
10.59% 13.00% 20.05% 6.68% 14.264 16.10% 16.21$ 12.29% 12.53%
TOTALS 364 423 GRAND TOTAL
2199 854 404 778 1178 590 6790
32.39% 12.58% 5.95% 11.45% 17.35% 8.69% 5.36% 6.22%

.
Tab A JANAP 146D, February 1959
Tab B AFR 200-2 (Intelligence),
14 September 1959
Tab C Statistics
Tab D Flow Chart
Tab E List of Key Personnel
Associated with the
UFO Program
Tab F Tab F Facilities available to Facilities available to
, FTD for FTD for analysis of UFO analysis of UFO
reports and material, and
when needed assist in investigation when needed assist in investigation
of sightings.

C
8 a
LEGEND
71
Read across for the percentage in each category
for each period or year.
Read across for the number of sightings in each
category for each period or year. Read down for the
number of sightings each period or year in each category.
Read down for the percentage for each period or 20 sh period or
year in each category.
@
Totals on the right of the chart are those for each category The
for the entire period from 24 June 1947 to 31 December 1960.
corresponding percentages are shown just below these totals.
Totals along the bottom of the chart are all of the sightings
for each period or year. The corresponding percentages are shown below
these totals.

. .
D

LEGEND
Cong Requests FLOW CHART
Reports (CURRENT)
Analysis
Information Re-
sulting from
Reports -
CONGRESS
CIVIL
ORGANIZATIONS
SAFLL SAFLL SAFOI
GENERAL
PUBLIC
FOREIGN AFSC
SOURCES AFCIN (ASD)
:
ATIC
OTHER GOVT
PROJECT SCIENTIFIC
CONSULTANT & TECH AGENCIES
OTHER GOVT USAF
AGENCIES ORGANIZATIONS

•
E

• .
ORGANIZATION NAME TELEPHONE
SAFOI-3c ( (DOD) Major William Coleman 73002
SAFLL (DOD) Lt Col Boland 73376
Northwestern University Dr. J. Allen Hynek UN 4-1900
(Evanston, Illinois) (Project Consultant) Ext. 285
FTD (WPAFB, Ohio) Major Robert J. Friend 69216
TD-E
1

R
• •
F

• •
l. To assist in the investigation and analysis of UFO sightings,FTD has at
it's disposal facilities and personnel at all military installations. The
facilities of the ASD has extensively been used for material photographic
analysis.
2. Liason with private individuals, such Whipple, is continualy
maintained.
3.1 In cases where it is determined that FTD should conduct an investigation
of a UFO sighting, a T-33 aircraft can be a period of days. Major
Friend is a rated pilot of this aircraft.
4. TD-E maintains an advisory panel consisting of a phsycologist from ASD,
Chaplain, the Project consultant Dr Hynek, four officers assigned officers assigned the the
additional duty of UFo investigator, and the Project Moniter. additional duty tigator, and the Project Moniter.
√
I

. .
A
M

• •
JANAP 146(D)
CANADIAN - UNITED STATES
COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS
FOR REPORTING VITAL
INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE SIGHTINGS
(CIRVIS / MERINT)
' JANAP 146 (D)
THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS - ELECTRONICS BOARD
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
February 1959
ORIGINAL ORIGINAL
(Reverse (Reverse Blank)
. •

JANAP 146(D)
• MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS BOARD
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
1 February 1959
LETTER OF PROMULGATION TO:
The Department of the Army
The Department of the Navy
The Department of the Air Force
Subject: JANAP 146(D)
1. JANAP 146(D), CANADIAN-UNITED STATES COMMUNICATIONS INSTRUCTIONS
FOR REPORTING VITAL INTELLIGENCE unclassified non-
registered publication, prepared Communications-
Electronics Board in conjunction diar JCEC(W), for Joint
and Canadian use.
2. JANAP 146(D) supersedes JANAP 146(c), and is effective upon receipt
for the U.S. JANAP 146(D) wil ecome effective for the Canadian Forces
when directed b appropriate implementing agency.
3. This publication contains military information and is for official
use only.
4. Copies and extracts may be made from this publication and extracts r may be made from this publication in the prep-
aration of oti nof offieial nublications official publications.
5. Comments and recommendations concerning this publication should
not be addressed to Military Communications-Electronics Board, but
to one of the follor appropriate:
a. Chief Signal U.S.. Army.
b. Chief of Naval perations (DNC), U.S. Navy.
c.
FOR THE CHAIRMAN, MILITARY BOARD:
JOSEPH BUSH
Colonel, USAF
EHF
E. H. FARRELL
Commander, USN Commander, USN
Secretaries Secretaries
III ORIGINAL
(Reverse Blank)

3
• • JANAP 146(D)
• LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
Subject Matter Page Numbers Change in
Effect
Title Page I (Reverse Blank) Original
Letter of Promulgation to III (Reverse Blank) Original
JANAP 146(D) dated 1 February 1959
List of Effective Pages V (Reverse Blank) Original
Record of Changes VII (Reverse Blank) Original
Table of Contents Table of Contents IX ,X IX , X Original Original
Text
Chapter 1 1-1 (Reverse Blank) (Reverse Blank) Original
Chapter 2 2-1 to 2-1 to a 2-9 (Reverse 2-9 (Reverse
Blank) Original
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3-1 to 3-8 3-1 to 3-8 Original
•
m
V ORIGINAL
(Reverse Blank)
1.

1
VII VII ORIGINAL
(Reverse Blank)
•